Design and Analysis of Advanced Diffractive Optical Elements

In Chapter 2, we discussed how to design some basic DOEs, such as binary phase gratings, amplitude gratings, and FZPs, as well as how to simulate their far-field diffraction patterns. In this chapter, the discussion has been extended to multilevel and grayscale DOEs. In the previous chapter, designing DOEs for generation of a few interesting phase profiles such as 2 x 2, 3 x 3 spots with desired intensity ratios were presented. In this chapter, we present the procedure for designing DOEs that generate any desired intensity profile using the well-known iterative Fourier transform algorithm (IFTA).