Androgen deprivation as a tumour-immunomodulating treatment.

A new trial evaluated whether neoadjuvant use of the tumour vaccine GVAX plus cyclophosphamide with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) would augment antitumour immunity. ADT alone led to increased CD8+ T cell infiltration but also increases in regulatory cell populations. The results suggest that ADT should be used with treatments targeting the recruitment and persistence of these regulatory populations.