CHAPTER 2:Electron Microscopy of Wet Materials Using Ionic Liquids

Electron microscopy (EM) has an important role in improving nanotechnology-based material sciences. However, the evaluation of hydrated materials using EM is challenging. Thus, a sample preparation technique has recently been developed that employs ionic liquids (ILs); the ILs can be applied for EM measurements that require vacuum conditions, which is highlighted because of the possibility of evaluating hydrated materials in this manner. In this study, IL-based EM techniques suitable for several types of hydrous materials have been reviewed.