Bifacial PV systems and yield data (bifacial gain)

A major motivation for bifacial photovoltaics (PV) is an expected additional energy yield, compared to monofacial panels, due to the two-sided light sensitivity. The potential for an improved module power output and energy yield was repeatedly demonstrated by simulations [1-8], measurements on stand-alone modules [9-14] or installations [15-19] in various orientations. However, uncertainties concerning the actual output of projected systems still deter possible investors. Even in the PV community, the real quantitative benefit due to bifaciality and the best-suited technical concepts are still under discussion [20-22], as reflected by numerous publications dealing with these topics.