Effect of Hydro Emulsification in Diesel Engine

Diesel engines exhausting gaseous emission and particulate matter have long been regarded as one of the major air pollution sources Major emissions from a diesel engine are Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, Hydro carbon and particulate matter. Amongst these pollutants carbon monoxide and some quantity of particulate matters are reduced by some after treatment methods, outside the engine, in the catalytic converter etc. unlike these Nitrogen oxides can't be oxidized to get some clean product. Nowadays Nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced by selective catalytic reduction. Using an emulsion of diesel in water as a fuel has been a recent field of study in this field. Water/diesel emulsified formulations are reported to reduce the emissions of Nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and particulate matter without compensating the engine's performance. In this project a new kind of emulsion is prepared by mixed surfactant method, major concern being the long term stability of the same. Then performance and emission tests were carried out by using the fuel in a single cylinder diesel engine. The results were matched against that of diesel and comparison graphs were plotted to see what are the advantages and disadvantages of using the emulsion over diesel. Internal combustion engines generate undesirable emissions during the combustion process. The pollutants that are exhausted from the internal combustion engines affect the atmosphere and cause problems such as global warming, smog, acid rain, respiratory hazards etc. These emissions are mostly due to non stoichiometric combustion, dissociation of nitrogen and impurities in the fuel and air .Major emissions include Nitrogen Oxides, unburnt Hydrocarbons, oxides of Carbon and other carbon particles or soot. There are various ways to treat these pollutants. Two major ways are - treatment inside the cylinder and after treatment or treatment outside the cylinder. In this project an emulsion is prepared which replaces the diesel fuel meant for the engine, and the emission and performance parameters are studied. (6) The objective of this project is to create a new fuel that can be used in a diesel engine as a fuel. The fuel is created by making an emulsion of diesel and water by using a suitable surfactant. The emulsion has to be stable for a longer period of time. Then the engine is run with regular diesel fuel and same observations are taken. A comparison is done between the two cases in terms of performance and emission properties of the fuel.