CURRENT KNOWLEDGE OF GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMORS. Gastrointestinal stromal tümörlerde güncel bilgiler.

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, are immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally different from other mesenchymal tumors. They can occur anywhere in the GI tract, commonest site being stomach. GIST occurrence is not restricted to bowel but can involve unusual sites also. The diagnosis and treatment of GIST has been revolutionized over the past decade. The mainstay of treatment remains surgical resection with adequate margin. Though, these tumors are refractory to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy but show a good response to molecularly targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitor. So, in cases where tumor has malignant potential, adjuvant treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor may prevent or delay relapse. This review summarises the current clinical and immunohistochemical knowledge of GIST and its treatment. OZET Gastrointestinal stromal tumorler (GIST) gastrointestinal traktusun en sik gorulen mezenkimal tumorleri olup, immunhistokimyasal ve ultrastrukturel olarak diger mezankimal tumorlerden farkliliklar gosterirler. Gastrointestinal sistemde herhangibir yerde gorulmekle beraber en sik midede gorulurler. GIST’ler pasaji tikamaktan cok, siradisi yerlerde yerlesim gostermeye egilimlidirler. Son on yilda tedavisi konusunda devrim niteliginde gelismeler olmustur. Esas tedavi tumorun yeterli miktarda saglam doku ile birlikte cerrahi olarak cikarilmasidir. Bu tumorlerin kemoterapi ve radyoterapiye direncli olduklari bilinmekle beraber, ozellikle tirozin kinaz inhibitorleri ile yapilacak molekuler tedavilerden basarili sonuclar alinmaktadir. Cerrahi tedavi ve tirozin kinaz inhibitorleri ile yapilan adjuvan tedavi gunumuzde hastaligin nuksunu onleyebilmekte veya geciktirmektedir. Bu makalede, GIST’lerin klinik ve immunhistokimyasal ozellikleri guncel bilgiler isiginda gozden gecirilmistir.