Intestinal dysbiosis in celiac disease: Decreased butyrate production may facilitate the onset of the disease.

The intestinal microbiota is critical in the ontology of early-life immunity. The intestinal microbiota stimulates immune development through microbial-associated molecular patterns which bind and activate pattern recognition receptors (1). Meanwhile there is codevelopment of numerous antiinflammatory mechanisms that prevent excessive immune responses. Intestinal dysbiosis has been associated with metabolic diseases that occur in adult life. In their elegant study, Leonard et al. (2) report that intestinal dysbiosis is associated with celiac disease (CD) in infants. The mechanism elucidated was linked to adverse shifts of many bacterial metabolites, with a propensity for increased proinflammation over decreased antiinflammatory factors. We posit that the dysregulated interaction between … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jiezhong_chen{at}medlab.co or luis_vitetta{at}medlab.co. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1