Determination of 12 quinolones in honey by vortex-assisted dispersive liquid liquid microextraction performed in syringe based on deep eutectic solvent combine with ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

A novel vortex-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method based on deep eutectic solvent (VA–DLLME–DES) completed in syringe has been established to extract 12 quinolones from honey. This method is an improvement of traditional DLLME. In this work, the green DES prepared with heptanoic acid and thymol was used for extractant rather than traditional organic extraction solvent. Without centrifugation, the phases were separated in the way of removing aqueous phase by pushing the syringe and extractant phase was collected for ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS) analysis. The stability of DES and some experimental parameters (type, molar ratios and volume of extraction solvent, type and volume of dispersant, vortex time and effect of pH and NaCl) were evaluated. In the range of 2–100 ng/mL, the proposed method showed good linearities (r2 ranged from 0.996 to 0.999). The extraction recoveries were obtained in the range of 75.01%–117.05% and relative standard deviations were less than 13.83% for inter- (n = 6) and intra-day (n = 3) precisions. The limits of detection and quantification were 3 ng g−1 and 10 ng g−1, respectively. The developed method with the advantages of simple operation, short extraction time and less consumption organic solvent provides a technical idea for green, simple and time-saving sample preparation methods.