Salivary Biomarker Profiles in E-Cigarette Users and Conventional Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The alterations in host immune response and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines are well documented in cigarette smokers. The harmful effects of e-cigarettes and on how they pertain to the host immune response are largely unknown. This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, was IRB approved, and all participants completed written informed consent.