Imaging and Radiomics of Immuno-oncology of Primary and Secondary Gastrointestinal Malignancies

In recent years, systemic cancer treatment has been revolutionized with the advent of immunotherapy, which utilizes the body's immune system to target cancer cells and results in unique and novel imaging patterns of cancer response and therapy-associated toxicities. Hyperprogression is defined as a rapid tumor progression after treatment initiation. In contrast, pseudoprogression is defined as a tumor response after an initial increase in tumor burden, or appearance of new tumor lesions, and observed in