Altered Ankle Kinematics and Shank-Rear-Foot Coupling in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability

calculated throughout the gait cycle. Continuous relative-phase angles between these segments were calculated to assess coupling. Results: The CAI group demonstrated more rear-foot inversion and shank external rotation during walking and jogging. There were differences between groups in shank-rear-foot coupling during terminal swing at both speeds. Conclusions: Altered ankle kinematics and joint coupling during the terminal-swing phase of gait may predispose a population with CAI to ankle-inversion injuries. Less coordinated movement during gait may be an indication of altered neuromuscular recruitment of the musculature surrounding the ankle as the foot is being positioned for initial contact.