El Precio Spot De La Electricidad Y La Inclusión De Energía Renovable No Convencional: Evidencia Para Colombia (Energy Transition in Germany and Integration of Non Conventional Energy Sources)

Spanish Abstract: La transicion energetica es una realidad en muchos paises, y Colombia no es ajeno a esta. Uno de los principales protagonistas de este fenomeno mundial es la generacion de energia con fuentes renovables no convencionales. Este trabajo busca evaluar el efecto que puede tener la inclusion de estas fuentes en el mercado electrico mayorista colombiano. Para ello, se estima un modelo estructural de comportamiento de la firma y se evalua un escenario contrafactual en el cual se incluye una firma que opera con 1000 MW de capacidad instalada para competir en el mercado mayorista durante el ano 2018. Los resultados muestran que el precio spot de la electricidad disminuiria 12,66 $/KWh para un dia, en promedio. De esta cifra, 6,66 $/KWh se deben a comportamientos estrategicos de las firmas y 6 $/KWh a efecto de orden de merito. Igualmente, se calcula que se dejarian de emitir aproximadamente 367,32 mil toneladas metricas de CO2 al medioambiente. English Abstract: German energy policy has undoubtedly been a worldwide benchmark for renewable energy. With the implementation of the Renewable Energy Sources Act in 2000, 36% of gross electricity consumption in 2018 came from renewable sources. In addition, greenhouse gas emissions fell by 328 million tonnes between 1990 and 2016. However, this has also increased the cost of stabilizing the grid, reaching a new record of 1.4 billion euros in 2017 and the price to the final consumer increased substantially, being one of the highest in the European Union. However, it has already been reducing, as it has reduced the cost of new technologies. Even so, the consensus of society is that these extra costs are worth paying. Therefore, it is important to know the energy transition program that Germany has experienced and its effects, which is the objective of this paper.