Neural network modelling of properties of cement-based materials demystified

Engineers often have to deal with materials of ill-defined behaviour such as cement-based materials in order to perform special design tasks. There is usually great difficulty in predicting the engineering properties of such materials due to various factors, including their non-homogeneous nature, their composite behaviour with dissimilar ingredients and sometimes the dual and/or contradictory effects of some components on the overall performance. Until recently, the methods used to predict the engineering properties of cement-based materials have been based mainly on statistical and mathematical models, which in turn are derived from human observation, empirical relationships and assumptions with limited ability to account for the effects of and interaction between all variables involved. An alternative approach, termed artificial neural networks (ANNs), has recently emerged in different engineering fields as a popular tool to predict the behaviour of materials. Due to the relatively recent adoption of A...