The evolution and explosion of massive stars

A tire stud is formed by filling a tubular rivet, from its open end, with tungsten carbide grit of a relatively large particle size. After tamping and vibratory compacting of this grit the voids between the grit particles are filled with carbide grit of a substantially smaller particle size by vibratory techniques. The skeleton thus formed is filled with a molten matrixing metal and then cooled. The stud exhibits wear properties which approximate those of a rubber tire in which it embedded so that the end of the stud projects slightly beyond the tread surface of the tire during the life of the unit.