Dietary Supplementation With a Bacillus Superoxide Dismutase Protects Against γ-Radiation-induced Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Dextran Sulphate Sodium-induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice

Background and Aims:Commercial superoxide dismutase [SOD] is derived from melon extract and has a potential as a dietary supplement due to its beneficial antioxidative effects. We aimed to improve the productivity of SOD compared with plant SOD by using a generally regarded as safe [GRAS] microorganism, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and assess its antioxidative effect using γ-radiation- and dextransulphate sodium [DSS]-induced oxidative models in mice. Methods:We identified the sodA gene encoding manganese-containing SODs [Mn-SOD] in B. amyloliquefaciens, constructed a Mn-SOD deficient mutant, and screened a high-SOD-producing strain. We compared the antioxidative effect of orally administered enteric-coated SOD protein partially purified from B. amyloliquefaciens with wild-type and high-SOD-producing strain spores. The effect of SOD on DSS-induced colitis was also investigated. Colonic inflammation was assessed using disease activity index, macroscopic and histological damage scores, antioxidant enzyme activities, and inflammatory cytokines. Results:The SOD activity of B. amyloliquefaciens is derived from secreted Mn-SOD encoded by the sodA gene, as shown by comparing sodA knock-out mutant spores with wild-type and high-SOD-producing spores. Enteric-coated SOD of B. amyloliquefaciens appears to be effective in reducing oxidative stress in γ-radiation- and DSS-induced mouse models. Co-administration of SOD with wild-type B. amyloliquefaciens or high-SOD-producer strain spores showed a synergistic effect. SOD enzyme and B. amyloliquefaciens spores contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress and inflammatory response in DSS-induced colitis. Conclusions:Mn-SOD of B. amyloliquefaciens could be another source of SOD supplement and may be useful to prevent and treat ulcerative colitis.