Relationship between Proinflammatory Cytokines/Chemokines and Adipokines in Serum of Young Adults with Obesity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The adipose tissue has been recognized as an important endocrine organ, which is metabolically active and expresses and secretes various inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation is involved in obesity-related complications. As such, the present study investigated the correlation between biochemical parameters, serum proinflammatory cytokines and adipokines in individuals with obesity. METHODS: Based on the body mass index (BMI), 30 subjects were divided into 3 groups: eutrophic (GC, n = 10), overweight (GOW, n = 10) and obese (GOB, n = 10). Serum glucose, cholesterol (total-C, HDLC and LDL-C), triglycerides, total proteins, uric acid and insulin were determined, as well as cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, leptin and adiponectin. RESULTS: GOB showed the highest glucose, total and LDL-C, triglycerides, uric acid, insulin, leptin, IL- 8, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and lowest adiponectin levels. In general, adiponectin exhibited an inverse correlation with BMI, abdominal circumference, LDL-C, IL-6, TNF-α, leptin and leptin-adiponectin ratio (LAR) and a positive correlation with HDL-C. Leptin was positively correlated with BMI, abdominal circumference, insulin, IL-6, TNF-α and LAR and negatively correlated with HDL-C and adiponectin. The LAR was positively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, insulin, TNF-α and negatively associated with HDL-C. CONCLUSION: The results confirm that obesity changes the lipid and glycemic profiles of individuals, increases the proinflammatory adipokine levels and reduces those of anti-inflammatory adipokines, promoting a state of chronic inflammation.