JINGHUA NO. 1——A WINTER WHEAT VARIETY DERIVED FROM POLLEN SPOROPHYTE

46 green plantlets were obtained by inoculating the anthers of F_1 hybrids of complicated combination ((Lovrin 18×5238-036) F_1×Hongliang No. 4) from wheat to the medium N_6 in 1977. Induced percentage of green plantlets was 11.50%. After chromosome doubling treatment, 28 plantlets set seeds. Diversity in morphological characters, growing periods and resistance to diseases were observed in H_2 generation, from which plantline for Jinghua No. 1 was selected for the first time this year. Variety comparative and regional adaptive experiments were performed in subsequent H_3, H_4,H, and H_6 generations.The area of planting Jinghua No. 1 amounted to 7000 ha in 1984. The evaluation of Jinghua No. 1 was passed by Beijing Variety Evaluation Committee.Jinghua No. 1 is a high yield and high quality new wheat variety. It resists strongly leaf, stem and stripe rust and powdery mildew and possesses good adaptation.The development of Jinghua No. 1 took only 7 generations, among which 3 years were spent for hybridization and selection of superior line, 4 years for seed multiplication, yield trials and performance tests. It is a good example showing that pollen breeding takes much shorter time than traditional hybridization breeding procedure.Problem of superiority of haploid breeding by anther culture is discussed in this paper. Success of Jinghua No. 1 provides new scientific evidence for this superiority.