Histological analysis of muscles of Landes geese

HASCIK, P., KULISEK, V., KACANIOVA, M., POCHOP, J.: Histological analysis of muscles of Landes geese. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 5, pp. 155–160 The aim of this study was histological and histochemical analyze of musculus pectoralis major (MPM) and musculus biceps femoris (MBF) of 12-weeks old Landes geese husbandry by sex from Hruboňovo (Czech Republic). The geese had live weight of 3979.0 g and the ganders had live weight of 4779.0 g. Higher  White fi ber percentage representation of musculus pectoralis major and musculus biceps femoris of 12-weeks old Landes geese histological analyses we followed. Representation of sex identical MBF was 60.0% (gander) and 64.1% (geese) and MPM was 47.6% (ganders) and 51.1% (geese). The lowest  Red fi bre percentage content in MPM was 6.7% (ganders) and 4.7% (geese) and  Red fi ber in MBF was 10.7% (ganders) and 9.5% (geese). No statistically signifi cant diff erences (P ≥ 0,05) among sex in the fat cells thickness of geese were found, but signifi cant diff erences (P ≤ 0,01) was found in MBF fat cells between ganders (26.3 μm) and geese (21.9 μm). Highest thickness of  White fi bre in muscles breast and femoral were found in both sex and lowest was found in  Red fi bre. Muscles fi bres thickness was higher femoral muscles in average (59.9 μm – ganders; 58.3 μm – geese) opposite breast muscles (47.7 μm – ganders, 44.9 μm – geese), what is the mean higher consistence of femoral muscles for consumer. In term of lowest musculus fi ber thickness of Landes geese in average were 44.9 μm – MPM, 58.3 μm – MBF opposite of ganders 47.7 μm – MPM, 59.9 μm – MBF. Higher  White fi bre representation was both muscles (51.1% – MPM, 64.1% – MBF). We recommended for experience used in di vidual rearing of male. Landes geese, muscle fi bers, m. pectoralis major, m. biceps femoris, histology The poultry meat is one of most important kind of meat used for human nutrition, which is a er pork on 2nd place by consummation in SR for 1 occupant (Hascik et al., 2004). The gallinacean and water poultry meat is important source of biological full-value food. This meat has many animal proteins, high taste and high dieta ry value (Hascik et al., 2005; Horniakova et al., 2006; Bateczko and Lasek, 2008). The poultry meat production and consumption is growing not only in Slovakia, but in the world too. The biggest part in usage poultry meat has chicken and turkey but very good value in usage has also goose meat (Mindek et al., 2006). Every species, breed or linia of animal, include poultry has some genetic resources in process of evolution. The genetic potention used for formation of morphological and physiological properties of each organism (Trakovicka et al., 2006). It is therefore in the interests of farmers to create optimal conditions for best use of the genetic potential of indigenous breeds. Further develop the best combination for genotypic combinations performance, reproductive characteristics, resistance and animal health (Cooke and Ryder, 1971; Valenta and Stratil, 1978; Kuryl and Gasparska, 1985; Brodacki and Smalec, 2001 etc.). The animals create every basic tissue, organs and single systems from prenatal period until to birth. For the farmer is important growth of bone tissue like supporting apparatus in postnatal growth. It is relate with growth of muscular tissue in process of coarsening and extension. Thus is creating a va luable product, i.e. meat for the consumer (Makovický et al., 2006). 156 P. Hascik, V. Kulisek, M. Kacaniova, J. Pochop Coarsening and extension of muscle fi bers are infl uenced by many outside and inside factors. The most important factors are genetics and nutrition. Other are sex, age, movement, weight and ethological factor (Makovický et al., 2006). Many authors deals about most valuable parts of carcass from histological-histochemical composition of meat in animal body (Hugs, 2001; Cherepanov, 2001; Frickn et al., 2002; Lebret et al., 2002; Cieslak et al., 2003; Monson et al., 2004; Solomon, 2004 etc.). The structure of muscular tissue has infl uence of production and quality of poultry and other kinds of meat. It is dependent on thickness and size single types muscular tissues, quantum fatty and connective tissue in muscle (Mindek et al., 2006). Therefore the aim of this work was evaluating and comparing histological and histochemical structure muscle tissue in muscles musculus pectoralis major and musculus biceps femoris. We worked with goose Landes breed by contents single muscular tissues and their thickness and size fat cells by sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used 12-weeks old Landes geese and ganders from a farm named Hruboňovo located in Czech Republic as material for the experiment. Geese after hatching were reared to farm and fed a standard way with preparation of commercial feed mixtures. From 1st day to the 56th day with feed mixture HYD24 and from 56th to the 84th day with feed mixture HYD-25. A er feeding a population of 10 hens and 10 cocks was chosen, transported in mobile cages, slaughtered immediately a er transportation and cleaned. A erwards the carcasses were ready for taking samples for histological and histochemical analysis. Samples were isolated from musculus pectoralis major and musculus biceps femoris for histological and histochemical analysis. The isolated samples of individual muscles of 1 × 1 × 1 cm size (approx.) were fi xed in liquid nitrogen (−196°C) a er marking were placed into a cryocut. A series of sections of 10 μm thickness were cut and discoloured by haematoxylin-eosine for transparent colouring. The second series of sections were coloured by oil red “0” for detection of neutral lipids. The third series of cuts have been incubated on activity of succinatedehydrogenase to determine types of muscular fi bres (Lojda and Papousek, 1970). Further, the pectoral muscle being the most valuable part of the carcass was chosen as representative sample for evaluation of geese meat quality. The percentage area representation of muscular fi bres was determined by the morphometric method reported by Uhrin and Kulisek (1979) using the optical microscope Nikon with Lucia optical analyses. The size of fat cells was measured by Lanameter device (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany) with a magnifying power of 500. Obtained results were processed with the help of the so ware Statgraphics Plus version 5.1 (AV Trading, Umex, Dresden, Germany) and statistically analy sed using Anova (for arithmetic mean, standard deviation and coeffi cient of variation) and t-test. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The average of live weight by Landes geese breed (Table I) was in ganders 4980.0 g and in geese 4313.0 g before slaughter. The live weight of either gender was at the level of 4646.0 g on average. The ganders had higher weight of 667.0 g compared to geese by sex comparing. It has been confi rmed statistically signifi cant in favour of the ganders (P ≤ 0.01). We found approximately the same values for both sexes Landes geese breed in muscle m. pectoralis major (Table II) by objective morphometric evaluation of the size of fat cells without statistical diff erences (P ≥ 0.05). The average-value of the m. pectoralis major was 24.2 μm by ganders and 24.1 μm by geese. I: Live weight Landes geese breed by sex (g) Index Min. Max. mean S.D. CV% Statistical detectability ♂:♀ ganders 4779.0 5187.0 4980.0 9.2 4.2 P ≤ 0.01++ geese 3979.0 4674.0 4313.0 14.9 7.8 total average 4379.0 4930.0 4646.0 12.1 6.0 II: The size of fat cells Landes geese breed by sex (μm)