Retained negative pressure wound therapy foams as a cause of infection persistence.

2020 
Significance Negative pressure wound therapy has become a valuable adjunct in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds in several surgical disciplines. Retained foams are among its side effects, and they pose a rare but devastating complication at the site of this therapy, which might be associated with wound-healing complications, infection persistence, repeated surgical revisions, and prolonged antibiotic courses. Recent advances: In the past 15 years, an increasing number of studies have identified this potential problem. Although the exact incidence remains unknown, initial studies have indicated rates of up to 10% in large collectives being treated by negative pressure wound therapy. Critical issues The lack of radio-opaque markers does not allow for the visual control of retained foams using plain radiographs. Further imaging methods (e.g., CT and MRI) also do not help in adequate differential diagnosis. The lack of routine documentation of the number, type, and localization of the inserted foam(s) and unplanned surgery with a different surgical team pose risk factors for foam retainment. Future directions Introducing new documentation records for wounds treated with negative pressure wound therapy is recommended. At foam removal, all dressing materials should be examined for integrity. The development of foams with radio-opaque markers by the industry, such as those routinely used in surgical gauze swabs, might also be a useful step to minimize the risk of foam retainment within wounds.
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