Vitamins B1, B2, B3 and B9 - Occurrence, Biosynthesis Pathways and Functions in Human Nutrition.
2017
Vitamins are chemical compounds whose derivatives are involved in
vital metabolic pathways of all living organisms. The complete endogenous
biosynthesis of vitamins can be performed by many bacteria, yeast and
plants, but humans need to acquire most of these essential nutrients with
food. In recent years, new types of action of the well-recognized vitamins
or their more sophisticated relationships have been reported.
In this review we present the current knowledge of factors that can
influence the yield and regulation of vitamin B1, B2, B3 and B9 biosynthesis
in plants which can be important for human nutrition. A summary of modern
methods applied for vitamin analysis in biological materials is also
provided. Contributions of the selected vitamins to the homeostasis of the
human organism, as well as their relations to the progress or prevention of
some important diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes
and Alzheimer’s disease are discussed in the light of recent
investigations. Better understanding of the mechanisms of vitamin uptake by
human tissues and possible metabolic or genetic backgrounds of vitamin
deficiencies can open new perspectives on the medical strategies and
biotechnological processes of food fortification.
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