Clinical analysis of paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma

Background Recently, paraneoplastic encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma has been described and related to an autoantibody. Methods: We describe four patients with ovarian teratoma-associated encephalitis (OTE) and compared their clinical pictures with those of 17 previously reported patients with OTE. Results: Clinically, OTE was characterized by the development of acute prominent psychiatric symptoms (20 of 21 patients), seizures (15 of 21 patients), and central hypoventilation (13 of 21 patients). Our patients had hypersalivation (three patients) and cardiac conduction problems (all patients); hypothermia was present in one patient. The mean time from the onset of OTE to tumor diagnosis was 19.6 ± 22.1 weeks. Ventilatory support was required for 54.9 ± 25.4 days on average. The white blood cell count in cerebrospinal fluid was 55.1 ± 61.2/mm3. Twelve patients showed abnormalities on cranial MRI, involving areas such as the temporal regions (seven patients) or brainstem (four patients). In addition to tumor resection, 17 patients received some type of immunotherapy: 17 patients received corticosteroids, 10 received intravenous immunoglobulins, two received cyclophosphamide, seven received plasma exchange. Eighteen patients with OTE had neurological improvement, including 11 with full recovery. Conclusions: OTE presents with cardiac conduction problems and hypersalivation in addition to psychiatric symptoms, seizures, and central hypoventilation.