Native Language Affects Spelling in English as a Foreign Language: A Time-Course Analysis of Proficient EFL Spelling

2013 
Abstract The study explores first language (L1) influences on the mechanisms of spelling in English as a foreign language (EFL). We hypothesized that the transparency of L1 orthography influences (a) the amount of hesitation associated with spelling irregular English words, and (b) the size of units EFL spellers operate. Participants were adult speakers of three languages differing by the degree of transparency, Danish, Russian, and Italian (n = 60), and a group of English native speakers (n = 20). We analyzed keystroke logs from typed spellings of 30 English words. The amount of hesitation (number of corrections and number of long within-word pauses), was equal across all participants groups, thus disconfirming our first hypothesis. Inter-key intervals between onsets and rhymes were longer than within-rhyme intervals, but only in Danes and native English speakers, and not in Russians and Italians. We discuss how the characteristics of the L1 may explain the observed cross-linguistic differences. Resume L'etude explore l'influence de la langue maternelle sur les mecanismes de l'ecriture en anglais langue etrangere. Nous avons suppose que la transparence orthographique de la langue maternelle influencerait (a) le degre d'hesitation associe a l'ecriture des mots anglais irreguliers et (b) les unites orthographiques que les apprenants de l’anglais langue etrangere utilisent en ecrivant. Les participants (apprenants de l’anglais [n = 60] danois, russes et italiens, et un groupe anglophone [n = 20]) ont epele 30 mots anglais irreguliers a l’ordinateur; les frappes de touche ont ete enregistrees. Le degre d'hesitation (le nombre de corrections et le nombre de pauses longues) etait uniforme dans tous les quatre groupes, ce qui infirme la premiere hypothese. Les intervalles entre attaques et rimes etaient plus longs que les intervalles entre noyaux et codas, mais seulement chez les Danois et les Anglophones, et pas chez les Russes et les Italiens. Nous discutons comment les caracteristiques de la langue maternelle peuvent expliquer les resultats.
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