Curative brachytherapy for prostate cancer in African-Caribbean patients: A retrospective analysis of 370 consecutive cases

Abstract Purpose Prostate cancer is the most frequent malignancy in African-Caribbean men, a population sharing common genetic traits with African-American (AA) but presenting also genomic and epidemiologic specificities. Despite socioeconomic disparities with French mainland, all patients were treated within the French state–financed equal-access health care system. In this study, we report biochemical outcomes of patients treated by brachytherapy in our department from 2005 to 2014 in an African-Caribbean population. Methods and Materials Three hundred seventy consecutive patients receiving 125 I brachytherapy as a curative treatment for early-stage (localized) disease between 2005 and 2014 were recorded. Selected patients presented with low-risk disease: initial prostate-specific antigen (PSA) Results The 3-year and 5-year biochemical failure free–survival for the entire cohort were 98.3% and 91.6%, respectively. For patients with low- and intermediate-risk disease, the 5-year BBFS rates were 92.1% and 90.8%, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, only Gleason score ( p  =  0.030 vs. p Conclusions In this large single-center series, brachytherapy achieved excellent rates of medium-term biochemical control in both low and selected intermediate-risk localized prostate cancer in African-Caribbean patients. Brachytherapy seems to be an excellent choice of treatment, with excellent outcomes and limited morbidity for African-Caribbean populations.