On the problem of thermomechanical stresses in the lining and shell of steel-pouring ladles

It is shown that buffer layers play an important role in the lining of steel-pouring ladles. Unfortunately, no commonly agreed-upon method has yet been found to determine the dimensions of compensation layers. At attempt is made here to develop a method of calculating the required thickness of the compensation layer, evaluate the stresses in different layers of the lining, and determine the pressure that is transmitted to the metal shell of the ladle during thermal expansion of the lining.