Management of High-Flow Vascular Anomalies

Abstract Vascular anomalies are often poorly understood and misdiagnosed. Their diagnosis and treatment depend on a thorough understanding of the subtypes of vascular anomalies that exist. Both arteriovenous malformations and vascular tumors are classified as high-flow vascular anomalies. Most vascular tumors are infantile hemangiomas, which do not require interventional management, but other rarer vascular tumors may require emergent embolization if causing cardiovascular compromise. The different pathologic subtypes and their clinical presentation are discussed. The percutaneous treatment of high-flow vascular malformations (arteriovenous malformations) is discussed in detail, including the importance of the various anatomic subtypes and the approaches to embolization.