Spatial and temporal variability of hyperspectral signatures of terrain
2008
Electromagnetic signatures of terrain exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity on a range of scales as well as considerable
temporal variability. A statistical characterization of the spatial heterogeneity and spatial scaling algorithms of terrain
electromagnetic signatures are required to extrapolate measurements to larger scales. Basic terrain elements including
bare soil, grass, deciduous, and coniferous trees were studied in a quasi-laboratory setting using instrumented test sites in
Hanover, NH and Yuma, AZ. Observations were made using a visible and near infrared spectroradiometer (350 - 2500
nm) and hyperspectral camera (400 - 1100 nm). Results are reported illustrating: i) several difference scenes; ii) a terrain
scene time series sampled over an annual cycle; and iii) the detection of artifacts in scenes. A principal component
analysis indicated that the first three principal components typically explained between 90 and 99% of the variance of
the 30 to 40-channel hyperspectral images. Higher order principal components of hyperspectral images are useful for
detecting artifacts in scenes.
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