Complex and Difficult Clinical Patients: Reflections on Fernández-Álvarez's Integrative Psychotherapy Model as Applied to the Case of "Sonia"

Fernandez-Alvarez 's Integrative Psychotherapy Model (IP Model) is designed to be applied to complex and difficult clinical patients. Scherb (2014) and her professional team aptly applied the IP Model to one such client, "Sonia," who received a successful, multilevel, integrated treatment for 10 years. Scherb's case illustrates the IP Model by analyzing links among the conceptualization, psychopathology, diagnosis, treatment plan, and specific interventions in the case. Her case study reflects the consistency and versatility of the IP Model to account for the complexity of a case in a systematic manner, and provides specific clinical indicators for evaluating the process and outcome in a complex and difficult case such as Sonia's.  Â