Breast feeding may protect children against Campylobacter jejuni associated diarrhoea.

To investigate the bacterial etiology of infant diarrhea in Karachi Pakistan 180 rectal swab samples collected from diarrhea patients under 5 years of age and 30 samples from age- and sex-matched healthy children were analyzed. Enteropathogenic organisms were isolated from 70 case samples (38.9%). The two most common etiologic agents were Campylobacter jejuni (19.4%) and Aeromonas hydrophilia (6.1%). Salmonella Shigella and Yersina appear to have a limited incidence in this age group. None of the control specimens yielded any enteropathogen. Breast-fed infants had a significantly lower risk of enteric infection. A pathogen was isolated in 26.0% of samples from breast-fed children with diarrhea compared with 46.8% of samples from bottle-fed diarrhea patients. All C jejuni infections identified in this study involved bottle-fed children. Boiled water was used to prepare infant formula in only 31.1% of these patients. These findings are consistent with those of other studies showing a decreased rate or severity of diarrhea in breast-fed infants. Mothers should be encouraged to breast feed their infants or if this is not possible to use boiled water for the preparation of infant formula.