Winter bird communities in forest plantations in western England and their response to vegetation, growth stage and grazing
1997
This paper presents the results of a study of wintering bird communities across a wide range of coniferous, broadleaved and mixed forest stands in the Forest of Dean, western England. Bird communities of broadleaved and coniferous woodland differed with respect to their species composition. The mean number of individual birds recorded increased linearly with woodland age and was not influenced by woodland type, stand size or the presence of grazing. Woodland age and type and the presence or absence of grazing all significantly influenced bird species richness and the proportions of the bird community made up by granivores, insectivores and omnivores. Broadleaved stands held more species than coniferous stands. Ungrazed stands held significantly more species, particularly seed-eating species, than grazed stands and this effect was independent of woodland type. Ordination was used to relate variation in tree species composition and stand structure to bird community composition. A larger number of species wa...
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