Mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma in a Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus)

Mixed hepatocellular and intrahepatic biliary carcinoma was identified in an 18-year-old male Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) in Dachigam National Park at Srinagar, Kashmir. Clinically, the animal showed progressive emaciation and respiratory distress. Necropsy revealed hepatomegaly with yellowish-white to grey nodular growth of 24x25x23cm size weighing about 10 Kg, which was histologically suggestive of mixed hepatocellular and biliary carcinoma having a mitotic index of 4–5 and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) index 10.25±1.75.