Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Epidemiology, Etiopathogenesis, and association with Environmental Factors

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a syndrome of persistent airflow limitation due toalveolar and airway abnormality caused by chronic inflammation of airway and lung parenchyma. It hascomplex pathology with marked heterogeneity all over India. COPD leads to a variety of intra and extrapulmonarycomponentandconsiderableeffectofpublichealthincidenceareincreasinginIndiamainlyUttar Pradesh and Bihar due to increased dependence to biomass and conventional exposure to noxious agents(Smoke, Biomass fuel, Dust particles).