Third-order terahertz optical response of graphene in the presence of Rabi Oscillations

Graphene has been shown to exhibit a nonlinear response due to its unique band structure. In this paper, we study the terahertz (THz) response metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons, specifically current density and Rabi oscillations beyond the semiclassical Boltzman model. We performed quantum mathematical modeling by first finding a solution to the unperturbed Hamiltonian for a single Fermion in the dipole gauge and then applying a polarized, THz electrical field. After writing the solution in terms of the four eigenstates of the Dirac system, we numerically calculated the $x$ and $y$ components of the induced current density resulting from applying the terahertz electrical field. Due to the inclusion of the Rabi Oscillation in our calculation of the optical response, we predict both odd and even harmonics, as well as continuum oscillations of the power density spectrum in the THz regime. Lastly, we show a rapid decay of the power harmonics.