La repolarización precoz en el electrocardiograma del futbolista: Prevalencia, características y evolución

La repolarizacion precoz (RP) en el electrocardiograma (ECG) del deportista ha sido considerada un hallazgo benigno. Algunas publicaciones la han asociado a incremento de riesgo de muerte subita. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar la prevalencia de RP inferolateral en una poblacion de futbolistas entrenados, describir variables asociadas a esta patente e investigar la aparicion de eventos en el seguimiento. Se analizaron ECG de futbolistas sin antecedentes personales y familiares de cardiopatia, con examen fisico cardiovascular normal. Se considero RP a la elevacion del punto J ≥ 0.1 mV sobre la linea de base en, al menos, 2 derivaciones inferiores y/o precordiales laterales, asociada o no a deflexion positiva o muesca en la parte final del QRS. Se relacionaron con RP el voltaje de R en V5 o V6, el intervalo PR, la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y la edad. Fueron contactados a los 60±5 meses de la evaluacion inicial con ECG. Estadistica: chi cuadrado y test t para datos no apareados. Fueron evaluados 210 ECG de futbolistas hombres, de origen europeo-sudamericano, con entrenamiento de alta intensidad. Edad: 18 ±4.6 anos. La RP se encontro en 86 ECG (40.9%), incluida el subtipo inferior en 17 (8.1%). Un ECG mostro RP en cara inferior en forma aislada. Los futbolistas con RP tuvieron mayor edad, menor FC, PR mas prolongado y menor voltaje de R. Ninguno de los futbolistas presento eventos cardiovasculares a los 5 anos de la evaluacion.(AU) Early repolarization (RP) on the electrocardiogram (ECG) of the athlete has been considered a benign finding. In some publications it has been associated with increased risk of sudden death. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of infero-lateral RP in a population of trained players, to describe variables associated with this pattern and investigate the occurrence of events in the follow up. ECG of players with a normal cardiovascular physical examination and without family and personal history of heart disease, were analyzed. RP was considered the J-point elevation ≥ 0.1 mV over baseline in at least 2 inferior and / or lateral precordial leads, associated or not with positive deflection or notch in the end of the QRS. RP is related to the voltage of R in V5 or V6, the PR interval, heart rate (HR) and age. They were contacted at 60 ± 5 months after the initial assessment ECG. Statistics: chi square and t test for unpaired data. We evaluated ECG of 210 soccer players, of European-South American origin, with high intensity training. Age: 18 ± 4.6 years. The RP ECG was present in 86 (40.9%), including the lower subtype in 17 (8.1%). One ECG showed PR in lower face in isolation. RP footballers were older, with less FC, prolonged PR and lower voltage of R. None of the players presented cardiovascular events in a 5 years follow up after this evaluation.(AU)