Liquid crystal model of vesicle deformation in alternating electric fields

Considering the efects of osmotic pressure,elastic bending,Maxwell pressure,surface tension,as well as fexo-electric and dielectric properties of phospholipid membrane,the shape equation for sphere vesicle in alternation(AC)electric feld is derived based on the liquid crystal model by minimizing the free energy due to coupled mechanical and AC electrical felds.Besides the efect of elastic bending,the infuence of osmotic pressure and surface tension on the frequency dependent behavior of vesicle membrane in AC electric feld is also discussed.Our theoretical results for membrane deformation are consistent with corresponding experiments.The present model provides the possibility to further disclose the frequency-depended behavior of biological cells in the coupled AC electric and diferent mechanical felds.