The Submarine Atmosphere Ultrafine Particle Study

Abstract : Ultrafine particles (UFPs) are recognized as being associated with an increase in respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The submarine atmosphere is a closed environment in which it is known that potential sources of UFPs are present, especially within the engineering spaces. Prior to this study no attempt had been made to determine whether UFPs are also present in the submarine atmosphere. To determine whether UFPs are present in significant numbers within the submarine atmosphere.