Influence of TNF-α and biomechanical stress on matrix metalloproteinases and lysyl oxidases expressions in human knee synovial fibroblasts

Purpose It was reported that not only ACL but also the synovium may be the major regulator of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial fluids after ACL injury. In order to further confirm whether synovium is capable of regulating the microenvironment in the process of ACL injury, the complicated microenvironment of joint cavity after ACL injury was mimicked and the combined effects of mechanical injury and inflammatory factor [tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] on expressions of lysyl oxidases (LOXs) and MMPs in synovial fibroblasts derived from normal human synovium were studied.