Technologies for Global Observations of Ocean Constituents

This article examines the major ocean constituents of interest to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) member states. It highlights their importance and provides an updated review of existing and emerging observation technologies with potential to address the needs of the GEOSS. With the importance of global coverage within this international framework, space-based remote sensing is emphasized. To effectively monitor the ocean, its major constituents must be observed. Temperature, salinity, density, wind waves, tides, and ocean currents are primary observables. Minor observable constituents include biologics and ocean chemistry. Both combine to provide a comprehension description of the ocean environment.