Products of neutrophil metabolism increase ammonia-induced gastric mucosal damage

Recent studies have indicated that ammonia is involved in the pathophysiology ofHelicobacter pylori-associated gastric mucosal damage.Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic active gastritis is characterized by an invasion of neutrophils. We investigated the interrelationship among hypochlorous acid (oxidant produced by neutrophil), ammonia (product ofHelicobacter pylori urease), and monochloramine (product of ammonia and hypochlorous acid) in the development of gastric mucosal damage in rats. Gastric mucosal lesions were produced by exposure of the gastric mucosa to ammonia, urea with urease, or urea withHelicobacter pylori in rats subjected to ischemia. Pretreatment with taurine (scavenger of hypochlorous acid) or antineutrophil serum significantly attenuated gastric mucosal lesions induced by the above test agents. Ammonia-induced gastric mucosal lesions were exacerbated in the presence of hypochlorous acid with concomitant generation of monochloramine. These results suggest that the ammonia, hypochlorous acid, and monochloramine triad may be important inHelicobacter pylori-mediated gastric mucosal damage.