Etat actuel du séquençage et de la connaissance du génome des espèces animales

Since the first publication of the human genome in 2001, many animal species of agronomic interest have been sequenced or are beingsequenced. After the production of genome assemblies by the Sanger* method with capillary sequencers, the new generation ofparallel sequencing machines (NGS : Next Generation Sequencing), now allows the rapid production of assemblies for a muchlarger number of species at low cost. An overview of the diverse principles of sequence production and assembly, highlighting theiradvantages and limits, is followed by a description of the state of progress of the knowledge in animal species of agronomic importance.Finally, a few examples of application areas of genome assemblies are described.