Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) sperm morphometry and function after repeated freezing and thawing

Summary This work examines the effects of subsequent cycles of freezing–thawing on giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) sperm morphometry and function, and assesses whether density-gradient centrifugation (DGC) can increase the number of freezing–thawing cycles this sperm can withstand. A sperm sample was collected by electroejaculation from a mature giant panda and subjected to five freezing–thawing cycles. Although repeated freezing–thawing negatively affected (P  60% of the sperm cells in both treatments showed acrosome integrity even after the fifth freezing cycle. In fresh semen, the sperm head length was 4.7 μm, the head width 3.6 μm, area 14.3 μm2 and perimeter length 14.1 μm. The present results suggest that giant panda sperm trends to be resistant to repeated freezing–thawing, even without DGC selection.