Anesthetic drugs shortage in lower and middle income countries: a safety and quality issue

Drug shortage is now a universal problem; but shortage of anesthetic drugs particularly can have wide implications on patient safety. The available data on the magnitude of the problem in lower and middle income countries (LMIC) is very limited. Several factors, e.g. manufacturing and regulatory issues, supply chain issues, hoarding and smuggling can cause shortage of these drugs. Drug shortage results in substitution, increased side effects and medication errors. It also has cost implications. Different models have been recommended to handle these shortages. Innovative solutions require action at all levels, ranging from individuals, institutions, pharmaceutical companies, professional societies, and the governments.