Gender differences on WAIS-III incidental learning, pairing, and free recall.

Gender differences on Digit-Symbol-Coding-Incidental Learning, Pairing, and Free Recall were examined using the standardization sample of the WAIS-III. Males earned significantly higher scores on both Pairing and Free Recall, but effect sizes were small. Gender effects were not significant when age and educational level were included in the model or when differences in ability level were considered. The results showed a tendency for increased performance on both Pairing and Free Recall for individuals with higher levels of education or higher ability levels and for younger examinees. The findings support the use of combined norms on these procedures for males and females but indicate a need for adjusting scores based on differences in age and education.