Comparative analysis of methods for solving the inverse problem of recovering the parameters of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide excited by lightning

Tweek-atmospherics (tweeks) are electromagnetic pulses in the range of extremely low frequency (ELF, 3 Hz – 3 kHz) and very low frequency (VLF 3 kHz – 30 kHz), which is often observed at night. Tweeks are used for studying the propagation properties of the waveguide between the Earth and the lower ionosphere (D-region), since this area is an efficient reflector of ELF-VLF and to find sources of radiation - lightning.