A sustainable method of color removal in textile wastewater using nanocomposites

Abstract Coloration gives the aesthetic appearance and value addition to the textile clothing, and various classes of dyes have been used in the coloration of the textile materials. Reactive dyes, one among the popularly and widely used dyes, play a major role in dyeing for its overall fastness properties. But, the main issues with these dyes are low exhaustion rates at the end of the dyeing cycle, which in turn create lots of issues in the textile wastewater treatment. The residual dyes present in the textile wastewater are mainly azo and anthraquinone dye classes that are more resistant to chemical degradation that is found in other classes of dyes also. The color removal treatments in the textile wastewater are categorized into the physicochemical, chemical, and biological techniques using different methods. Nanocomposites for color removal produce high level of efficiency while combining two different nanomaterials. The selection of nanomaterials and the activation of such materials play an important role in the efficiency of the adsorption and photodegradation of pollutants present in the effluents. In this chapter, synthesis and characterization of various nanocomposites used in the removal of color in textile wastewater are presented in detail.