SHP2-mediated inhibition of DNA repair contributes to cGAS-STING activation and chemotherapeutic sensitivity in colon cancer.

As a cytoplasmic sensor of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity. In this study, we investigated the effect of Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) on tumor cell-intrinsic STING pathway activity and DNA repair in colon cancer. SHP2 interacted with and dephosphorylated poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP1) after DNA damage. PARP1 inhibition by SHP2 resulted in reduced DNA repair and accumulation of dsDNA in cells, thus promoting hyperactivation of the STING pathway. The SHP2 agonist lovastatin was able to enhance SHP2 activity and promote STING pathway activation. Moreover, lovastatin significantly enhanced the efficacy of chemotherapy in colon cancer models, in part via STING pathway-mediated anti-tumor immunity. These findings suggest that SHP2 exacerbates STING pathway activation by restricting PARP1-mediated DNA repair in tumor cells, providing a basis for the combined use of lovastatin and chemotherapy in the treatment of colon cancer.