A lightweight carbon nanofiber-based 3D structured matrix with high nitrogen-doping level for lithium metal anodes

Lithium metal is considered to be the most promising anode material for the next-generation rechargeable batteries. However, the uniform and dendrite-free deposition of Li metal anode is hard to achieve, hindering its practical applications. Herein, a lightweight, free-standing and nitrogen-doped carbon nanofiber-based 3D structured conductive matrix (NCNF), which is characterized by a robust and interconnected 3D network with high doping level of 9.5 at%, is prepared by electrospinning as the current collector for Li metal anode. Uniform Li nucleation with reduced polarization and dendrite-free Li deposition are achieved because the NCNF with high nitrogen-doping level and high conductivity provide abundant and homogenous metallic Li nucleation and deposition sites. Excellent cycling stability with high coulombic efficiency are realized. The Li plated NCNF was paired with LiFePO4 to assemble the full battery, also showing high cyclic stability.