The Broader Context

This chapter presents the broader context of nanotechnologies. The automotive industry is already one of the world's largest users of nanomaterials, and expectations are that uses will increase. General Motors was an early adopter in 2002 with its use of thermoplastic olefin nanoclay composites in running board step-assists. Intensive research is in progress on many other fronts, including propulsion and energy systems that use nanotechnologies. The automotive industry is by no means homogeneous, and drivers vary according to product type and market. In some companies with high-value products, the potential of small performance increments can and does justify extensive design and material innovations. In other companies, cost concerns dominate, and new materials will be less likely to be introduced in a widespread way unless their costs are on a par with or below those of conventional materials for equivalent performance levels. The role of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies in this area can be rather simply thought of with respect to basic systems and components (including propulsion and energy systems, suspension systems, and others), frame and exterior body components, interiors, and control and communication systems. Surface appearances, including finishing and painting, are invariably important for visible components.