Developing a novel artificial rice germplasm for dinitroaniline herbicide resistance by base editing of OsTubA2.

Chemical herbicides, which are commonly used to kill weeds in the field, have been extensively applied and transformed the way of weed management in modern agriculture due to its efficiency, ease of use and relatively low cost. In last decades, a large number of transgenic herbicide-tolerant crops (i.e. corn, soybean, cotton, rice etc.) have been developed and commercialized, reshaping the global seed market (Schutte et al., 2017). However, the use of chemical herbicides (i.e. ALS inhibitors, EPSPS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors etc.) has also drastically increased, resulting in the occurrence of weed species resistant to these herbicides.