Enhancing the multiple harmonics by step-like cantilever

In atomic force microscopy (AFM), the higher modes are highly sensitive to the tip-sample interactions which generate many harmonics. When a higher harmonic is close to the natural frequency of a mode, the harmonic signal is enhanced by a resonance. The step-like cantilever is proposed as an effective design to enhance the higher harmonic signals. The natural frequencies are changed with the variations of the step-like cantilever sizes. By carefully designing the step-like cantilever, the first three modes can be simultaneously excited. A comprehensive map is provided as a guidance of selecting the appropriate geometric parameters.