FORMULATION OF ANTI-PLAQUE TOOTHPASTE FROM STANDARDIZED GAMBIR EXTRACT AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

Telah dilakukan formulasi pasta gigi ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi serta uji daya antimikrobanya terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab plak Streptococcus mutans . Uji pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi pada kadar 7% memiliki diameter hambat optimal terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba uji. Berdasarkan ini dibuat 3 formula pasta gigi dengan kadar ekstrak gambir terstandarisasi sebesar 7% dengan kosentrasi kalsium karbonat (abrasif) yang bervariasi, berturut-turut 37, 42 dan 47%. Semua formula diuji sifat-sifat farmasetik dan aktivitas antimikrobanya, sebagai pembanding digunakan pasta gigi “F”. Hasil evaluasi sifat farmasetika sediaan menunjukkan semua formula memenuhi persyaratan pastagigi yang baik.  Formula 3 (F3) memberikan diameter hambat paling baik (19,25 + 0,50 mm), sedangkan pembanding “F” memberikan diameter hambat (20,0 + 0,00 mm).  Terdapat perbedaan bermakna diameter hambat antar perlakuan (basis versus pasta gigi ekstrak gambir) pada taraf kepercayaan  0,05. ABSTRACT A toothpaste containing standardized gambir extract had been formulated and an antimicrobial assay of the toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans had been done. Preliminary study showed that the concentration of gambir extract of 7 % obtained an optimal range of inhibition of S. mutans growth. Three formulas were then prepared, which contained 7 % extract and various concentrations of calcium carbonate (37, 42 and 47 % respectively). The formulas were subjected to evaluation procedures including the pharmaceutical properties and the antimicrobial activity in comparison to commercial formula “F”. Results indicated that all formulas had good pharmaceutical properties. F3 showed the best inhibition against the growth of S mutans (diameter of inhibition =  19,25 + 0,50 mm) while that of the commercial toothpaste “F” was (20,0 + 0,00 mm) , which was significantly different from that of the toothpaste  base at probability 0.05.